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太阳自转

1610年,伽里略通过观察太阳黑子在日面上的移动判断出太阳存在自转,并为以后的观测所证实。

太阳的自转方向与地球的相同,但自转轴不与黄道面垂直,而是与黄道面法线呈7度15分的夹角。这就使得在一年中的不同月份,从地球上观察到的太阳自转轴在左右摇摆,太阳黑子在日面上的视运动轨迹各不相同。

太阳自转提供了建立太阳日面坐标的基础。日面纬度从太阳赤道量起,向北为正,南为负;日面经度从某个初始日面经圈算起,从0度到360度向西计量。

从天文年历上可以查到每天的日轴方位角,日面中心经度和中心纬度。

黑子日面坐标的确定

测量日面坐标时,需要以东西方向作为基准。在拍摄全日面像时,首先停止跟踪,调节太阳像与取景器内视场长边相切。观察太阳像的移动,调整相机的倾角,使得太阳移动方向与底片长边平行。

第二步是扫描照片。注意使得照片边缘与扫描仪边框平行。

接下来是对照片进行测量。使用PHOTOSHOP等软件可以测量图形中某点的相对直角坐标(见下图)。

tutor1.jpg (20639 bytes)

首先要任选日轮边缘上的三点进行测量,以确定日轮中心的坐标。然后测量黑子的位置。

为了计算出黑子的日面坐标,我们编制了计算程序(自解压文件,117K)。

tutor2.gif (17697 bytes)

再将黑子相对直角坐标、拍摄时间等数据输入后,即可求得黑子的日面坐标。

tutor3.gif (7449 bytes)