当前位置:[北京同好会]>[观测档案]>[2004年金星凌日]

 

 

2004年金星凌日观测后记

曹军

进入6月以后北京的天气并不太好。对于金星凌日观测,主要的问题是凌终阶段太阳的高度较低,只有3度多,因此必须寻找开阔的观测点。五月底曾经到上地附近走了走,找到了一个西边没有什么遮挡的路段作为备选的地点。后来寇文等一起商量了一下,决定在天文馆做集体观测。

6月6日到天文馆新馆查看了一下。新馆楼顶有两个观测圆顶,一是太阳真空望远镜,另一个是米德的40厘米望远镜。当天总算出了点太阳,寇文和天文馆李恩杰抓紧时间调试折反镜。镜筒前覆盖了一整张减光薄膜,后面加D70相机。

天文馆新馆还在施工当中,但楼顶宽敞的平台完全可用。到晚上7点多太阳快下山时确认了一下,附近的建筑物不会挡住太阳。

6月7日将赤道仪等沉重的设备先运到了天文馆。这天的天空终于露出了蓝色,但不是很晴。8日的天气预报是晴转多云,令人稍有担心。

8日早晨艳阳高照,热烘烘的,是个观测的好天。11点前后大队人马集合在天文馆新馆楼顶平台。因新馆正在施工,临时开了一部货梯运送设备,运行不很正常,费了一点周折。

在一起观测的有同好会的十余人以及福建陈栋华、江苏严家荣、苏州陈涛和几位来自上海的同好。

大家开始顶着炎炎烈日做观测准备。一旁中央台架设了两副微波天线准备使用太阳真空望远镜作现场直播,记者则时不时走过来拍些零散的镜头。

日面上有两个小黑子可作为调焦参考。天不是很透,但气流还算稳定,只是经常吹过的风使得望远镜的晃动较大,再加上强烈的阳光,虽然在相机显示屏上加了个遮光罩,仍然感觉调焦比较困难。

12时许下楼吃饭后匆匆返回。凌日时刻接近了。这时楼上的供电似乎出现了问题,据说太阳望远镜也出现了故障。好在前一天王炎就准备好了电瓶,而且为保险起见一直使用电瓶供电驱动赤道仪。

按照原先的计划,从1点10分开始以15秒的间隔拍摄太阳放大像。虽然带了12.5毫米的目镜,但考虑到有风望远镜晃动较大,因此还是使用30毫米的目镜拍摄放大像。由于在白天观测,天文馆的建筑方向也非正南正北,所以极轴对得很不准确,一两分钟就可以看出来太阳在赤纬方向的移动。相机控制设置为自动拍摄,主要精力就可以放在观察和手动调节赤纬轴上。正午的阳光很强烈,使用密度5的减光膜。

凌日很快开始了。在取景器中太阳像右上角出现了一个缺口。此时大气较为稳定,从LCD上看到金星像反差很大。所有的人都很兴奋。

 

自动拍摄一直持续到存储卡满为止。接下来按计划应该以2分钟的间隔自动拍摄金星穿过日面的整个过程。但在把图片下载到计算机中之后马上发现图像不是很清晰。这源于凌日开始前最后一次匆忙的对焦,从图片上可以看到,其实在此之前的调焦非常准确,但因为总有一种不塌实的心理感觉,于是酿成差错,令人懊悔。另外在凌日开始前有风,所以设置为手动对焦,实际上当时的气流条件应该可以使用自动对焦模式;在凌日开始后没有仔细检查金星的成像质量,这些都是教训。

这时,拍摄全日面像的工作也出现一个问题,就是极轴偏差较大,5分钟左右原先在中央的太阳像会偏移到视场边缘,部分图像移出视场,成为废片。这就打乱了原来的系列照拍摄计划。于是干脆停下来休息,到处走走,顺便通过电焊镜片目视太阳,确实可见黑点。

各有高招:

 

 

齐锐等使用日珥镜拍摄了照片。

下午四点多,金星最接近日面中央。将减光膜换成密度3.8的,重新调焦后拍摄。

5点过后,大家愕然发现西北方向从地平开始一大片乌云渐渐逼向太阳,很快,太阳的最后一点光芒消失了。同时楼顶上的风也明显加大,大有风雨欲来之势。厚厚的云层只在靠近远山处有一条微弱的亮带。乌云只遮住西北天空,而且移动缓慢。能否在凌终前重见天日所有人心中都是个问号。

农闲时节拍合影:

6点多,离出凌不到一小时。眼看时间一分一秒地过去,天气却没有好转的迹象。好多人开始收拾家伙,不过我一直在嚷嚷着一定要坚持到最后。去年5月7日水星凌日太阳在最后的5分钟穿云而出的景象还历历在目。

死抗:

6点半,太阳终于从北边伸展过来的云缝中探出头来,大家不禁欢呼,又忙乎起来。根据以前拍摄的经验,此时太阳的光度是比较弱的,所以这次除了两张减光膜外,还准备了ND8滤光片。望远镜的镜盖上正好有M52的螺纹圆孔,将4块ND8依次拧在上面。这样口径有所减小,像质也会下降,但好处是可以随着太阳高度的降低逐步减少滤镜个数,保持曝光时间在合适的范围内。

 

正在调整望远镜时旁边的刘丁叫了起来,一看取景屏,一架飞机正从太阳前面飞过,赶快按下快门(见题图)。

之后太阳前仍时有云带飘过,但均无大碍。离二次内切只有几分钟时太阳周围的云完全散开,彤红的日面非常漂亮。

拍摄出凌过程中楼顶上的风很大,望远镜晃动不止。好在使用自动拍摄模式,两只手得以腾出来端着相机保持稳定。

抓紧最后的时间:


凌日结束后相机也用完了最后一点空间。太阳慢慢地走入山后。

过了半个小时,一阵急雨落下,洗去了白天的燥热,为这次观测活动划上了令人回味的句号。

尹相东拍摄的凌日过程合成照片:(点击放大)

 

(文中活动照片由齐锐、尹相东拍摄)

合成视频:

 

 


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